Restoring the night sky darkness at Observatorio del Teide: First application of the model Illumina version 2

TL;DR

This study applies the advanced Illumina v2 radiative transfer model to assess how changing Tenerife's lighting to LEDs can restore night sky darkness at the Teide Observatory, considering complex environmental factors.

Contribution

It demonstrates the first application of Illumina v2 for detailed, hyperspectral night sky brightness modeling in a real-world restoration scenario.

Findings

LED conversion could reduce sky brightness by 0.3 mag/arcsec² in V band.

Contribution maps enable regional analysis of light pollution impact.

The model accounts for complex environmental and atmospheric factors.

Abstract

The propagation of artificial light into real environments is complex. To perform its numerical modelling with accuracy one must consider hyperspectral properties of the lighting devices and their geographic positions, the hyperspectral properties of the ground reflectance, the size and distribution of small-scale obstacles, the blocking effect of topography, the lamps angular photometry and the atmospheric transfer function (aerosols and molecules). A detailed radiative transfer model can be used to evaluate how a particular change in the lighting infrastructure may affect the sky radiance. In this paper, we use the new version (v2) of the Illumina model to evaluate a night sky restoration plan for the Teide Observatory located on the island of Tenerife, Spain. In the past decades, the sky darkness was severely degraded by growing light pollution on the Tenerife Island. In this work, we use the contribution maps giving the effect of each pixel of the territory to the artificial sky radiance. We exploit the hyperspectral capabilities of Illumina v2 and show how the contribution maps can be integrated over regions or municipalities according to the Johnson-Cousins photometric bands spectral sensitivities. The sky brightness reductions per municipality after a complete shutdown and a conversion to Light-Emitting Diodes are calculated in the Johnson-Cousins B, V, R bands. We found that the conversion of the lighting infrastructure of Tenerife with LED (1800K and 2700K), according to the conversion strategy in force, would result in a zenith V band sky brightness reduction of about 0.3 mag arcsec-2.