Great SCO2T! Rapid tool for carbon sequestration science, engineering, and economics

TL;DR

The paper introduces SCO2T, a rapid software tool for characterizing saline storage reservoirs for CO2 sequestration, linking engineering parameters with economic analysis to facilitate large-scale CCS deployment.

Contribution

It presents a novel software tool, SCO2T, that rapidly screens reservoirs, performs sensitivity analyses, and integrates sequestration engineering with economics, advancing CCS site characterization.

Findings

Increasing depth and permeability enhances injection rates and storage potential.

Higher porosity reduces costs without affecting injection rates.

Sensitivity analysis highlights key geological factors impacting sequestration economics.

Abstract

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology is likely to be widely deployed in coming decades in response to major climate and economics drivers: CCS is part of every clean energy pathway that limits global warming to 2C or less and receives significant CO2 tax credits in the United States. These drivers are likely to stimulate capture, transport, and storage of hundreds of millions or billions of tonnes of CO2 annually. A key part of the CCS puzzle will be identifying and characterizing suitable storage sites for vast amounts of CO2. We introduce a new software tool called SCO2T (Sequestration of CO2 Tool, pronounced "Scott") to rapidly characterizing saline storage reservoirs. The tool is designed to rapidly screen hundreds of thousands of reservoirs, perform sensitivity and uncertainty analyses, and link sequestration engineering (injection rates, reservoir capacities, plume dimensions) to sequestration economics (costs constructed from around 70 separate economic inputs). We describe the novel science developments supporting SCO2T including a new approach to estimating CO2 injection rates and CO2 plume dimensions as well as key advances linking sequestration engineering with economics. Next, we perform a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of geology combinations (including formation depth, thickness, permeability, porosity, and temperature) to understand the impact on carbon sequestration. Through the sensitivity analysis we show that increasing depth and permeability both can lead to increased CO2 injection rates, increased storage potential, and reduced costs, while increasing porosity reduces costs without impacting the injection rate (CO2 is injected at a constant pressure in all cases) by increasing the reservoir capacity.