Architecture and noise analysis of continuous-variable quantum gates using two-dimensional cluster states

TL;DR

This paper proposes a measurement-based quantum computing architecture using two-dimensional continuous-variable cluster states, analyzing and comparing the noise performance of different lattice states for universal quantum gates.

Contribution

It introduces a complete architecture for universal quantum gates on 2D cluster states and compares their noise performance, highlighting the superior performance of the quad-rail lattice state.

Findings

Quad-rail lattice performs better than other 2D cluster states.

All studied states enable universal quantum computation.

Noise and error probabilities are minimized and analyzed.

Abstract

Due to its unique scalability potential, continuous variable quantum optics is a promising platform for large scale quantum computing. In particular, very large cluster states with a two-dimensional topology that are suitable for universal quantum computing and quantum simulation can be readily generated in a deterministic manner, and routes towards fault-tolerance via bosonic quantum error-correction are known. In this article we propose a complete measurement-based quantum computing architecture for the implementation of a universal set of gates on the recently generated two-dimensional cluster states [1,2]. We analyze the performance of the various quantum gates that are executed in these cluster states as well as in other two-dimensional cluster states (the bilayer-square lattice and quad-rail lattice cluster states [3,4]) by estimating and minimizing the associated stochastic noise addition as well as the resulting gate error probability. We compare the four different states and find that, although they all allow for universal computation, the quad-rail lattice cluster state performs better than the other three states which all exhibit similar performance.