Current status and possible extension of the global neutron monitor network

TL;DR

The paper reviews the current capabilities of the global neutron monitor network in studying cosmic rays and solar energetic particles, and proposes extensions to enhance space weather monitoring and research.

Contribution

It provides an overview of the network's current status and suggests specific improvements and extensions to better support space weather applications.

Findings

Demonstrated the network's ability to analyze solar energetic particles during ground level enhancements.

Estimated effective radiation doses during large solar events at commercial flight altitudes.

Proposed network expansion to improve space weather prediction and research capabilities.

Abstract

The global neutron monitor network has been successfully used over several decades to study cosmic ray variations and fluxes of energetic solar particles. Nowadays, it is used also for space weather purposes, e.g. alerts and assessment of the exposure to radiation. Here, we present the current status of the global neutron monitor network. We discuss the ability of the global neutron monitor network to study solar energetic particles, specifically during large ground level enhancements. We demonstrate as an example, the derived solar proton characteristics during ground level enhancements GLE $\#$5 and the resulting effective dose over the globe at a typical commercial jet flight altitude of 40 kft ($\approx$ 12 200m) above sea level. We present a plan for improvement of space weather services and applications of the global neutron monitor network, specifically for studies related to solar energetic particles, namely an extension of the existing network with several new monitors. We discuss the ability of the optimized global neutron monitor network to study various populations of solar energetic particles and to provide reliable space weather services.