Noise Mitigation with Delay Pulses in the IBM Quantum Experience

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel noise mitigation technique for quantum computing that uses delay pulses to control noise levels, improving the accuracy of quantum expectation value calculations on IBM-Q devices.

Contribution

It presents an alternative noise injection scheme using identity pulses and demonstrates its effectiveness for noise extrapolation in quantum computations.

Findings

Delay pulse method effectively controls noise levels.

Extrapolation from noisy data improves result accuracy.

Method is demonstrated on a one-qubit IBM-Q circuit.

Abstract

One of the greatest challenges for current quantum computing hardware is how to obtain reliable results from noisy devices. A recent paper [A. Kandala et al., Nature 567, 491 (2019)] described a method for injecting noise by stretching gate times, enabling the calculation of quantum expectation values as a function of the amount of noise in the IBM-Q devices. Extrapolating to zero noise led to excellent agreement with exact results. Here an alternative scheme is described that employs the intentional addition of identity pulses, pausing the device periodically in order to gradually subject the quantum computation to increased levels of noise. The scheme is implemented in a one qubit circuit on an IBM-Q device. It is determined that this is an effective method for controlled addition of noise, and further, that using noisy results to perform extrapolation can lead to improvements in the final output, provided careful attention is paid to how the extrapolation is carried out.