Performance of an optically read out time projection chamber with ultra-relativistic electrons

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates an optically read out Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with a small prototype that achieves high spatial resolution and low energy threshold, promising for dark matter and solar neutrino detection.

Contribution

It presents a novel optical readout method for TPCs using a CMOS camera and light detection, enabling detailed 3D track reconstruction with high resolution.

Findings

Achieved 1-10 mm longitudinal and 0.1-0.3 mm transverse spatial resolution.

Predicted keV energy threshold suitable for dark matter and neutrino detection.

Demonstrated effective optical readout with a small TPC prototype.

Abstract

The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is an ideal candidate to finely study the charged particle ionization in a gaseous medium. Large volumes TPCs can be read out with a suitable number of channels offering a complete 3D reconstruction of an ultra-relativistic charged particle track, that is the sequence of its energy releases in the TPC gas volume. Moreover, He-based TPCs are very promising to study keV energy particles as nuclear recoils, opening the possibility for directional searches of Dark Matter (DM) and the study of Solar Neutrinos (SN). In this paper, we report the analysis of the data acquired with a small TPC prototype (named LEMOn) built by the CYGNO collaboration that was exposed to a beam of 450 MeV electrons at the Beam Test Facility of National Laboratories of Frascati. LEMOn is operated with a He-CF4 mixture at atmospheric pressure and is based on a Gas Electron Multipliers amplification stage that produces visible light collected by a sub-millimeter position resolution scientific CMOS camera. This type of readout - in conjunction with a fast light detection - allows a 3D reconstruction of the electrons' tracks. The electrons are leaving a trail of segments of ionizations corresponding to a few keV energy releases each. Their study leads to predict a keV energy threshold and 1-10 mm longitudinal and 0.1-0.3 mm transverse position resolution for nuclear recoils, very promising for the application of optically readout TPC to DM searches and SN measurements.