Quantum jump approach to microscopic heat engines

TL;DR

This paper introduces a quantum jump approach to analyze microscopic heat engines, linking photon counting experiments to thermodynamic performance, and deriving bounds on power and efficiency that incorporate quantum effects.

Contribution

It develops a novel framework using quantum jump trajectories to connect photon emission data with thermodynamic bounds in quantum heat engines.

Findings

Derived bounds on engine power from single-photon measurements

Unified previous thermodynamic bounds with a new quantum perspective

Showed coherence can increase dissipation, reducing efficiency in slow driving regimes

Abstract

Modern technologies could soon make it possible to investigate the operation cycles of quantum heat engines by counting the photons that are emitted and absorbed by their working systems. Using the quantum jump approach to open-system dynamics, we show that such experiments would give access to a set of observables that determine the trade-off between power and efficiency in finite-time engine cycles. By analyzing the single-jump statistics of thermodynamic fluxes such as heat and entropy production, we obtain a family of general bounds on the power of microscopic heat engines. Our new bounds unify two earlier results and admit a transparent physical interpretation in terms of single-photon measurements. In addition, these bounds confirm that driving-induced coherence leads to an increase in dissipation that suppresses the efficiency of slowly driven quantum engines in the weak-coupling regime. A nanoscale heat engine based on a superconducting qubit serves as an experimentally relevant example and a guiding paradigm for the development of our theory.