Artefacts of circumpolar cartography in radio pulsar polarization

TL;DR

This paper explains complex polarization effects in radio pulsar data as resulting from the passage of polarization states near the Poincare sphere's pole, emphasizing the importance of Poincare-sphere representation for interpretation.

Contribution

It demonstrates that many enigmatic polarization phenomena are due to cartographic transformations of polarization states near the Poincare sphere's pole, highlighting the need for Poincare-sphere analysis.

Findings

Polarization effects are linked to passage near the Poincare sphere's pole.

Cartographic transformation explains PA curve bifurcations and loops.

Poincare-sphere representation is crucial for interpreting pulsar polarization data.

Abstract

Single pulse data on radio pulsar polarization are traditionally presented in the form of two-dimentional greyscale patterns with the pulse longitude and polarization angle (PA) on the horizontal and vertical axis, respectively. Such diagrams reveal several enigmatic polarization effects: 1) bifurcations and loops of PA curve under central pulse components, 2) vertical spread of flux at all PA values, 3) exchange of power content between PA tracks of two orthogonal polarization modes (OPMs), and 4) peripherically-flat PA swings that span more than 180 degrees. It is shown that all these phenomena result from passage of observed polarization state near the pure-V pole of Poincare sphere. Much of their complexity results from cartographic transformation from Poincare sphere to the longitude-PA plane. An odd number of near-pole passage produces apparent replacement of OPMs power in the profile wings, although the same amount of flux keeps staying in each modal patch on the Poincare sphere. The fitting of pulsar PA curves should therefore allow for transitions between the primary (strong) and secondary (weak) PA track. The Stokes-space (or Poincare-sphere) representation of pulsar polarization data contains crucial polarization information and needs to accompany the traditional viewing if the published figures are to be fully useful for interpretation.