The stabilizing effect of the temperature on buoyancy-driven fluids

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that in a 2D Boussinesq system with limited dissipation, the temperature plays a crucial role in stabilizing buoyancy-driven fluids, revealing a new stabilizing effect of thermal coupling.

Contribution

The study proves stability for a 2D Boussinesq system with only vertical dissipation and horizontal thermal diffusion, highlighting the temperature's stabilizing influence.

Findings

Temperature smooths and stabilizes the fluid dynamics.

Stability is achieved through the coupling between temperature and velocity.

Mathematical reduction to degenerate damped wave equations explains stabilization.

Abstract

The Boussinesq system for buoyancy driven fluids couples the momentum equation forced by the buoyancy with the convection-diffusion equation for the temperature. One fundamental issue on the Boussinesq system is the stability problem on perturbations near the hydrostatic balance. This problem can be extremely difficult when the system lacks full dissipation. This paper solves the stability problem for a two-dimensional Boussinesq system with only vertical dissipation and horizontal thermal diffusion. We establish the stability for the nonlinear system and derive precise large-time behavior for the linearized system. The results presented in this paper reveal a remarkable phenomenon for buoyancy driven fluids. That is, the temperature actually smooths and stabilizes the fluids. If the temperature were not present, the fluid is governed by the 2D Navier-Stokes with only vertical dissipation and its stability remains open. It is the coupling and interaction between the temperature and the velocity in the Boussinesq system that makes the stability problem studied here possible. Mathematically the system can be reduced to degenerate and damped wave equations that fuel the stabilization.