Coherent combining of self-cleaned multimode beams

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that self-cleaned multimode beams from separate fibers can maintain mutual coherence, enabling stable interference patterns, which has implications for wave condensation and coherent beam combining.

Contribution

It reveals that self-cleaning in multimode fibers preserves mutual coherence between independent beams, even amidst disorder and noise, a novel insight into nonlinear wave dynamics.

Findings

Self-cleaned beams produce stable interference fringes.

Mutual coherence is preserved during self-cleaning despite fiber imperfections.

The process is noise-free and independent of initial pump coherence.

Abstract

A low intensity light beam emerges from a graded-index, highly multimode optical fibre with a speckled shape, while at higher intensity the Kerr nonlinearity may induce a spontaneous spatial self-cleaning of the beam [1,2]. Here, we reveal that we can generate two self-cleaned beams with a mutual coherence large enough to produce a clear stable fringe pattern at the output of a nonlinear interferometer. The two beams are pumped by the same input laser, yet are self-cleaned into independent multimode fibres. We thus prove that the self-cleaning mechanism preserves the beams' mutual coherence via a noise-free parametric process. While directly related to the initial pump coherence, the emergence of nonlinear spatial coherence is achieved without additional noise, even for self-cleaning obtained on different modes, and in spite of the fibre structural disorder originating from intrinsic imperfections or external perturbations. Our discovery may impact theoretical approaches on wave condensation [3-5], and open new opportunities for coherent beam combining [6-9].