Speckled speckled speckle
Justin Dove, Jeffrey H. Shapiro

TL;DR
This paper investigates higher-order speckle phenomena in coherent light reflection, especially for non-line-of-sight imaging, revealing how speckle variance scales with order and implications for imaging techniques.
Contribution
It introduces a theoretical framework for understanding higher-order speckle in NLoS imaging, including the effects of amplitude modulation and extended diffusers.
Findings
Speckle variance scales as (2^n - 1) for nth-order speckle.
In extended diffuser scenarios, speckle is unlikely to hinder NLoS imaging.
Results suggest P-field imaging may be robust against speckle effects.
Abstract
Speckle is the spatial fluctuation of irradiance seen when coherent light is reflected from a rough surface. It is due to light reflected from the surface's many nooks and crannies accumulating vastly-discrepant time delays, spanning much more than an optical period, en route to an observation point. Although speckle with continuous-wave (cw) illumination is well understood, the emerging interest in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) imaging using coherent light has created the need to understand the higher-order speckle that results from multiple rough-surface reflections, viz., speckled speckle and speckled speckled speckle. Moreover, the recent introduction of phasor-field (-field) NLoS imaging---which relies on amplitude-modulated coherent illumination---requires pushing beyond cw scenarios for speckle and higher-order speckle. In this paper, we take first steps in addressing the…
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