mm-wave Rydberg-Rydberg resonances as a witness of intermolecular coupling in the arrested relaxation of a molecular ultracold plasma

TL;DR

This study uses mm-wave spectroscopy to investigate intermolecular interactions during the formation of a strongly correlated ultracold plasma from a Rydberg gas, revealing insights into energy redistribution and quantum coherence in the system.

Contribution

It introduces a novel spectroscopic approach to probe intermolecular dynamics during plasma formation, highlighting the role of Rydberg-Rydberg resonances in arrested relaxation.

Findings

Observation of depletion resonances indicating energy redistribution.

Fano lineshape analysis reveals coupling and broadening effects.

Evidence of quantum coherence in the arrested plasma state.

Abstract

Out-of-equilibrium, strong correlation in a many-body system triggers emergent properties that can act in important ways to constrain the natural dissipation of energy and matter. Networks of atoms, intricately engineered to arrange positions and tune interaction energies, exhibit striking dynamics. But, strong correlation itself can also act to restrict available phase space. Relaxation confined by strong correlation gives rise to scale invariance and density distributions characteristic of self-organized criticality. For some time, we have observed signs of self-organization in the avalanche, bifurcation and quench of a state-selected Rydberg gas of nitric oxide to form an ultracold, strongly correlated ultracold plasma. The robust arrested relaxation of this system forms a disordered state with quantum-mechanical properties that appear to support a coherent destruction of transport. Work reported here focuses on initial stages of avalanche and quench, using the mm-wave spectroscopy of an embedded quantum probe to characterize the intermolecular interaction dynamics associated with the evolution to plasma. Double-resonance excitation prepares a Rydberg gas of nitric oxide composed of a single selected state, $n_0f(2)$. Penning ionization, followed by an avalanche of electron-Rydberg collisions, forms a plasma of NO$^+$ ions and weakly bound electrons, in which a residual population of $n_0$ Rydberg molecules evolves to high-$\ell$. At long times, $n_0\ell(2) \rightarrow (n_0 \pm 1)d(2)$ depletion resonances signal collision-free energy redistribution in the basis of central-field Rydberg states. The widths and asymmetries of Fano lineshapes witness the degree to which coupling to the arrested bath broadens the bright state as well as how bright-state predissociation mixes the network of levels in the localized ensemble.