Dynamical phase transitions in dissipative quantum dynamics with quantum optical realization

TL;DR

This paper investigates dynamical phase transitions in a dissipative quantum system modeled by the driven Dicke model, revealing non-analytic behaviors in observables that can be measured experimentally in cavity-QED setups.

Contribution

It provides an exact path integral approach to analyze DPTs in a dissipative quantum system and connects these phenomena to large deviation theory without requiring fine-tuning.

Findings

DPTs characterized by non-analyticities in observable overlaps.

Exact asymptotic evaluation of overlaps in the bad cavity limit.

Proposal for experimental measurement of DPTs in cavity-QED.

Abstract

We study dynamical phase transitions (DPT) in the driven and damped Dicke model, realizable for example by a driven atomic ensemble collectively coupled to a damped cavity mode. These DPTs are characterized by non-analyticities of certain observables, primarily the overlap of time evolved and initial state. Even though the dynamics is dissipative, this phenomenon occurs for a wide range of parameters and no fine-tuning is required. Focusing on the state of the 'atoms' in the limit of a bad cavity, we are able to asymptotically evaluate an exact path integral representation of the relevant overlaps. The DPTs then arise by minimization of a certain action function, which is related to the large deviation theory of a classical stochastic process. From a more general viewpoint, in the considered system, non-analyticities emerge generically in a Fock space representation of the state. Finally, we present a scheme which allows a measurement of the DPT in a cavity-QED setup.