Parton Distribution Functions and Tensor Gluons

TL;DR

This paper explores the theoretical possibility of tensor gluons inside protons, deriving extended evolution equations to understand their impact on parton distribution functions and proton structure.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of tensor gluons, derives regularized evolution equations including their effects, and proposes a numerical approach to analyze their density ratios within protons.

Findings

Extended DIGLAP equations incorporating tensor gluons.

Theoretical framework for tensor gluon generation inside protons.

Potential impact on proton momentum distribution analysis.

Abstract

We further consider a possibility that inside the proton and, more generally, inside the hadrons, there are additional partons - tensor gluons, which can carry a part of the proton momentum. The tensorgluons have zero electric charge, like gluons, but have a larger spin. Inside the proton a nonzero density of the tensorgluons can be generated by the emission of tensorgluons by gluons. The last mechanism is typical for non-Abelian tensor gauge theories. The process of gluon splitting suggests that part of the proton momentum that was carried by neutral partons is shared between vector and tensor gluons. We derive the regularised evolution equations for the parton distribution functions that take into account these new processes. In particular, this will allow to solve numerically the extended DIGLAP equations and to find out the ratio of densities between gluons and tensorgluons.