Approximation Algorithms and Hardness for Strong Unique Games

TL;DR

This paper introduces new algorithms and hardness results for the Strong Unique Games problem, connecting it to graph expansion and providing approximation guarantees and NP-hardness bounds under the Unique Games Conjecture.

Contribution

It presents novel approximation algorithms for Strong Unique Games and establishes hardness results, linking the problem to Small-Set-Vertex-Expansion and the Unique Games Conjecture.

Findings

Algorithms achieve near-optimal satisfiable sets under certain conditions.

Proves NP-hardness of approximating solutions within specific bounds.

Provides a new connection between Strong Unique Games and graph expansion.

Abstract

The UNIQUE GAMES problem is a central problem in algorithms and complexity theory. Given an instance of UNIQUE GAMES, the STRONG UNIQUE GAMES problem asks to find the largest subset of vertices, such that the UNIQUE GAMES instance induced on them is completely satisfiable. In this paper, we give new algorithmic and hardness results for STRONG UNIQUE GAMES. Given an instance with label set size $k$ where a set of $(1 - \epsilon)$-fraction of the vertices induce an instance that is completely satisfiable, our first algorithm produces a set of $1 - \widetilde{O}({k^2}) \epsilon \sqrt{\log n}$ fraction of the vertices such that the UNIQUE GAMES induced on them is completely satisfiable. In the same setting, our second algorithm produces a set of $1 - \widetilde{O}({k^2}) \sqrt{\epsilon \log d}$ (here $d$ is the largest vertex degree of the graph) fraction of the vertices such that the UNIQUE GAMES induced on them is completely satisfiable. The technical core of our results is a new connection between STRONG UNIQUE GAMES and Small-Set-Vertex-Expansion in graphs. Complementing this, assuming the Unique Games Conjecture, we prove that it is NP-hard to compute a set of size larger than $1 - \Omega( \sqrt{\epsilon \log k \log d})$ for which all the constraints induced on this set are satisfied. Given an undirected graph $G(V,E)$ the ODD CYCLE TRANSVERSAL problem asks to delete the least fraction of vertices to make the induced graph on the remaining vertices bipartite. As a corollary to our main algorithmic results, we obtain an algorithm that outputs a set $S$ such the graph induced on $V \setminus S$ is bipartite, and $|S|/n \leq O(\sqrt{\epsilon \log d})$ (here $d$ is the largest vertex degree and $\epsilon$ is the optimal fraction of vertices that need to be deleted). Assuming the Unique Games Conjecture, we prove a matching (up to constant factors) hardness.