Localization of Rung Pairs in Hard-core Bose-Hubbard Ladder

TL;DR

This paper investigates rung-pair localization in a hard-core Bose-Hubbard ladder model, revealing a disorder-free localization mechanism driven by flat bands and lattice symmetry, with implications for quantum simulation experiments.

Contribution

It uncovers a new disorder-free localization phenomenon in Bose-Hubbard ladders caused by flat bands and lattice symmetry, extending understanding beyond single-particle physics.

Findings

Rung-pair localization occurs at edges and in the bulk.

Localization persists despite interactions among pairs.

Entanglement entropy shows long-time logarithmic growth with volume law saturation.

Abstract

Quantum simulation in experiments of many-body systems may bring new phenomena which are not well studied theoretically. Motivated by a recent work of quantum simulation on a superconducting ladder circuit, we investigate the rung-pair localization of the Bose-Hubbard ladder model without quenched disorder. Our results show that, in the hard-core limit, there exists a rung-pair localization both at the edges and in the bulk. Using center-of-mass frame, the two-particle system can be mapped to an effective single-particle system with an approximate sub-lattice symmetry. Under the condition of hard-core limit, the effective system is forced to have a defect at the left edge leading to a zero-energy flat band, which is the origin of the rung-pair localization. We also study the multi-particle dynamics of the Bose-Hubbard ladder model, which is beyond the singleparticle picture. In this case, we find that the localization can still survive despite of the existence of interaction between the pairs. Moreover, the numerical results show that the entanglement entropy exhibits a long-time logarithmic growth and the saturated values satisfy a volume law. This phenomenon implies that the interaction plays an important role during the dynamics, although it cannot break the localization. Our results reveal another interesting type of disorder-free localization related to a zero-energy flat band, which is induced by on-site interaction and specific lattice symmetry.