A framework for the next generation of stationary cosmological models

TL;DR

This paper proposes a tired-light cosmological model suggesting the universe has been stationary over the last 10 billion years, with implications for galaxy density, intergalactic dust, and photon decay, challenging standard cosmology.

Contribution

It introduces a new tired-light framework that explains galaxy counts and luminosity distances, proposing alternative explanations for cosmic transparency and photon decay.

Findings

Galaxy density has remained nearly constant over 10 Gyr.

The universe's transparency is lower than previously assumed.

Photon lifetime along the line-of-sight is about one-third of the Hubble time.

Abstract

According to a new tired-light cosmological model, where H(z) = H 0 (1 + z), the number density of galaxies has been nearly constant over the last 10 Gyr, at least, meaning that, as far as galaxy counts are concerned, the Universe has been stationary. In this context, an analysis of the luminosity distances of quasars and supernovae Ia shows that the Universe is far from being as transparent as assumed nowadays, the photon lifetime along the line-of-sight being one third of the Hubble time. Such a low value could mean that there are huge amounts of grey dust in the inter galactic medium, that have so far escaped detection. It could also be a signature of new physics, namely, a consequence of the decay of photons into lighter particles. The tired-light model advocated in the present study would be falsified if, for instance, the time-dilation of remote events were shown to have a general character, that is, if it were definitely observed for phenomenons other than the light curves of supernovae Ia. On the other hand, further developments are needed in order to turn this model into an actual cosmology. In particular, the physical origin of the current stability of the Universe on galactic scales remains to be identified.