Charge transfer induced interfacial ferromagnetism in La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/NdNiO$_3$

TL;DR

This study reveals how charge transfer at the La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/NdNiO$_3$ interface induces ferromagnetism and affects exchange bias, with implications for tuning magnetic properties in oxide heterostructures.

Contribution

It demonstrates the formation of Ni$^{2+}$ ions and their ferromagnetic behavior due to charge transfer, providing new insights into interfacial magnetism in correlated oxides.

Findings

Ni$^{2+}$ ions exhibit ferromagnetism due to exchange coupling.

Charge transfer initiates a metal-insulator transition above 120 K.

Exchange bias is influenced by antiferromagnetism and interfacial frustration.

Abstract

Charge transfer induced interfacial ferromagnetism and its impact on the exchange bias effect in La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/NdNiO$_3$ correlated oxide heterostructures were investigated by soft x-ray absorption and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra in a temperature range from 10 to 300 K. Besides the antiferromagnetic Ni$_3^+$ cations which are naturally part of the NdNiO$_3$ layer, Ni$_2^+$ ions are formed at the interface due to a charge transfer mechanism involving the Mn element of the adjacent layer. They exhibit a ferromagnetic behavior due to the exchange coupling to the Mn$_4^+$ ions in the La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ layer. This can be seen as detrimental to the strength of the unidirectional anisotropy since a significant part of the interface does not contribute to the pinning of the ferromagnetic layer. By analyzing the line shape changes of the x-ray absorption at the Ni L$_{2,3}$ edges, the metal-insulator transition of the NdNiO$_3$ layer is resolved in an element specific manner. This phase transition is initiated at about 120 K, way above the paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition of NdNiO$_3$ layer which measured to be 50 K. Exchange bias and enhanced coercive fields were observed after field cooling the sample through the Neel temperature of the NdNiO$_3$ layer. Different from La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/LaNiO$_3$, the exchange bias observed in La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/NdNiO$_3$ is due to the antiferromagnetism of NdNiO$_3$ and the frustration at the interface. These results suggest that reducing the interfacial orbital hybridization may be used as a tunable parameter for the strength of the exchange bias effect in all-oxide heterostructures which exhibit a charge transfer mechanism.