Project 1000 x 1000: Centrifugal melt spinning for distributed manufacturing of N95 filtering facepiece respirators

TL;DR

This paper introduces a scalable, distributed method using centrifugal melt spinning with cotton candy machines to rapidly produce high-quality N95 filter material, addressing PPE shortages during the pandemic.

Contribution

It presents a novel, low-cost approach for decentralized manufacturing of N95 filter material using readily available equipment, enabling rapid scale-up.

Findings

Achieved up to 96% filtration efficiency for 0.30-0.49 μm particles.

Demonstrated scalable testing methods for quality assurance.

Proposed capacity of up to one million N95 masks per day with six machines at 200 sites.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global shortage of personal protective equipment. While existing supply chains are struggling to meet the surge in demand, the limited supply of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) has placed healthcare workers at risk. This paper presents a method for scalable and distributed manufacturing of FFR filter material based on a combination of centrifugal melt spinning utilizing readily available cotton candy machines as an example. The proposed method produces nonwoven polypropylene fabric material with filtering efficiency of up to 96% for particles 0.30-0.49 {\mu}m in diameter. We additionally demonstrate a scalable means to test for filtration efficiency and pressure drop to ensure a standardized degree of quality in the output material. We perform preliminary optimization of relevant parameters for scale-up and propose that this is a viable method to rapidly produce up to one million N95 FFRs per day in distributed manner with just six machines per site operating across 200 locations. We share this work as a starting point for others to rapidly construct, replicate and develop their own affordable modular processes aimed at producing high quality filtration material to address the current FFR shortage globally.