gBeam-ACO: a greedy and faster variant of Beam-ACO

TL;DR

gBeam-ACO is a faster, simpler variant of Beam-ACO for solving TSP that maintains solution quality and reduces dependence on hyperparameters by using greedy path selection and improved parallelization.

Contribution

It introduces a greedy heuristic into Beam-ACO, significantly increasing speed and simplifying parallelization without sacrificing solution quality.

Findings

gBeam-ACO is up to ten times faster than Beam-ACO.

It maintains comparable solution quality on large TSP instances.

Less sensitive to hyperparameter tuning.

Abstract

Beam-ACO, a modification of the traditional Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms that incorporates a modified beam search, is one of the most effective ACO algorithms for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Although adding beam search to the ACO heuristic search process is effective, it also increases the amount of work (in terms of partial paths) done by the algorithm at each step. In this work, we introduce a greedy variant of Beam-ACO that uses a greedy path selection heuristic. The exploitation of the greedy path selection is offset by the exploration required in maintaining the beam of paths. This approach has the added benefit of avoiding costly calls to a random number generator and reduces the algorithms internal state, making it simpler to parallelize. Our experiments demonstrate that not only is our greedy Beam-ACO (gBeam-ACO) faster than traditional Beam-ACO, in some cases by an order of magnitude, but it does not sacrifice quality of the found solution, especially on large TSP instances. We also found that our greedy algorithm, which we refer to as gBeam-ACO, was less dependent on hyperparameter settings.