The Role of Nonlinear Relapse on Contagion Amongst Drinking Communities

TL;DR

This paper investigates how nonlinear relapse influences drinking behaviors in communities, using stochastic models and network simulations to show that high relapse rates persist regardless of social structure or interaction limitations.

Contribution

It introduces stochastic and network-based models to analyze relapse effects, revealing the robustness of relapse impact across different social configurations.

Findings

High relapse rates strongly sustain drinking prevalence.

Social network structure has limited effect on relapse impact.

Stochastic models align with deterministic results in relapse dynamics.

Abstract

Relapse, the recurrence of a disorder following a symptomatic remission, is a frequent outcome in substance abuse disorders. Some of our prior results suggested that relapse, in the context of abusive drinking, is likely an "unbeatable" force as long as recovered individuals continue to interact in the environments that lead to and/or reinforce the persistence of abusive drinking behaviors. Our earlier results were obtained via a deterministic model that ignored differences between individuals, that is, in a rather simple "social" setting. In this paper, we address the role of relapse on drinking dynamics but use models that incorporate the role of "chance", or a high degree of "social" heterogeneity, or both. Our focus is primarily on situations where relapse rates are high. We first use a Markov chain model to simulate the effect of relapse on drinking dynamics. These simulations reinforce the conclusions obtained before, with the usual caveats that arise when the outcomes of deterministic and stochastic models are compared. However, the simulation results generated from stochastic realizations of an "equivalent" drinking process in populations "living" in small world networks, parameterized via a disorder parameter $p$, show that there is no social structure within this family capable of reducing the impact of high relapse rates on drinking prevalence, even if we drastically limit the interactions between individuals ($p\approx 0$).