Dynamical Environment and Surface Characteristics of Asteroid (16) Psyche

TL;DR

This study investigates the gravitational field, surface characteristics, and surrounding environment of asteroid (16) Psyche using computational models, revealing stable equilibrium points and regions prone to particle collisions.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of Psyche's dynamical environment, including stability of equilibrium points and surface features, based on computational simulations.

Findings

Identified four external equilibrium points, with two being linearly stable.

Confirmed stability of equilibrium points through numerical simulations.

Mapped regions on Psyche's surface with higher likelihood of particle collisions.

Abstract

Radar observations show that (16) Psyche is one of the largest and most massive asteroids of the M-class located in the main belt, with a diameter of approximately 230 km. This fact makes Psyche a unique object since observations indicated an iron-nickel composition. It is believed that this body may be what was left of a metal core of an early planet that would have been fragmented over millions of years due to violent collisions. In this work we study a variety of dynamical aspects related to the surface, as well as, the environment around this asteroid. We use computational tools to explore the gravitational field generated by this body, assuming constant values for its density and rotation period. We then determine a set of physical and dynamical characteristics over its entire surface. The results include the geometric altitude, geopotential altitude, tilt, slope, among others. We also explore the neighborhood around the asteroid (16) Psyche, so that the location and linear stability of the equilibrium points were found. We found four external equilibrium points, two of them linearly stable. We confirmed the stability of these points by performing numerical simulations of massless particles around the asteroid, which also showed an asymmetry in the size of the stable regions. In addition, we integrate a cloud of particles in the vicinity of (16) Psyche in order to verify in which regions of its surface the particles are most likely to collide.