Eigenrays in 3D heterogeneous anisotropic media: Part VI -- Dynamics, Lagrangian vs. Hamiltonian approaches

TL;DR

This paper compares Lagrangian and Hamiltonian methods for computing dynamic ray characteristics in 3D anisotropic media, demonstrating their compatibility and deriving relationships between their core Hessian matrices.

Contribution

It introduces a second-order Hamiltonian shift equation, relates it to the Lagrangian approach, and derives the Hessian relationships for general anisotropic media.

Findings

Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approaches are fully compatible in anisotropic media.

Derived the second-order Hamiltonian shift equation from Hamiltonian dynamics.

Numerically demonstrated the Hessian relationships in a triclinic medium.

Abstract

In Part V of this study, we presented an original Lagrangian approach for computing the dynamic characteristics along stationary rays, by solving the linear, second-order Jacobi differential equation, considering four sets of initial conditions as the basic solutions. We then focused on the computation of the geometric spreading and identification of caustics, where only the two point-source basic solutions with their corresponding initial conditions are required. Solutions of the Jacobi equation represent the normal shift vectors of the paraxial rays and define the geometry of the ray tube with respect to the stationary central ray. Rather than the Lagrangian approach, the dynamic characteristics are traditionally computed with the Hamiltonian approach, formulated normally in terms of two first-order differential equations, where the solution variables are the paraxial shifts and paraxial slowness changes along the ray. In this part (Part VI), we compare and relate the two approaches. We first combine the two first-order Hamiltonian dynamic equations, eliminating the paraxial variations of the slowness vector. This leads to a second-order differential equation in terms of the Hamiltonian shift alone, whose ray-normal counterpart coincides with the normal shift of the corresponding Lagrangian solution, while the ray-tangent component does not affect the Jacobian and the geometric spreading. Comparing the proposed Lagrangian approach to the dynamic ray tracing with the "classical" Hamiltonian approach, we demonstrate that they are fully compatible for general anisotropy. We then derive the two-way relationships between the Hamiltonian's and Lagrangian's Hessians, which are the core computational elements of dynamic ray theory. Finally, we demonstrate the relationships between these two types of the Hessians numerically, for a general triclinic medium.