Combining GHOST and Casper
Vitalik Buterin, Diego Hernandez, Thor Kamphefner, Khiem Pham, Zhi, Qiao, Danny Ryan, Juhyeok Sin, Ying Wang, Yan X Zhang
TL;DR
This paper introduces Gasper, a novel proof-of-stake consensus protocol combining Casper FFG and LMD GHOST, with formal safety and liveness proofs, aimed at Ethereum 2.0's beacon chain.
Contribution
It presents Gasper, integrating Casper FFG and LMD GHOST, with formal proofs of safety and liveness, advancing proof-of-stake consensus mechanisms.
Findings
Proves safety under various assumptions
Establishes plausible and probabilistic liveness
Demonstrates suitability for Ethereum 2.0
Abstract
We present "Gasper," a proof-of-stake-based consensus protocol, which is an idealized version of the proposed Ethereum 2.0 beacon chain. The protocol combines Casper FFG, a finality tool, with LMD GHOST, a fork-choice rule. We prove safety, plausible liveness, and probabilistic liveness under different sets of assumptions.
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Taxonomy
TopicsDistributed systems and fault tolerance · Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge · Blockchain Technology Applications and Security