RMP-SNN: Residual Membrane Potential Neuron for Enabling Deeper High-Accuracy and Low-Latency Spiking Neural Network

TL;DR

This paper introduces RMP neurons with a soft reset mechanism that significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of converted SNNs, enabling deeper networks with fewer inference steps.

Contribution

It proposes the Residual Membrane Potential (RMP) neuron model for ANN-SNN conversion, reducing accuracy loss and inference time compared to traditional hard reset neurons.

Findings

Achieves near loss-less conversion on multiple datasets.

Surpasses previous SNN accuracy with fewer inference steps.

Enables deeper, high-accuracy SNNs with low latency.

Abstract

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have recently attracted significant research interest as the third generation of artificial neural networks that can enable low-power event-driven data analytics. The best performing SNNs for image recognition tasks are obtained by converting a trained Analog Neural Network (ANN), consisting of Rectified Linear Units (ReLU), to SNN composed of integrate-and-fire neurons with "proper" firing thresholds. The converted SNNs typically incur loss in accuracy compared to that provided by the original ANN and require sizable number of inference time-steps to achieve the best accuracy. We find that performance degradation in the converted SNN stems from using "hard reset" spiking neuron that is driven to fixed reset potential once its membrane potential exceeds the firing threshold, leading to information loss during SNN inference. We propose ANN-SNN conversion using "soft reset" spiking neuron model, referred to as Residual Membrane Potential (RMP) spiking neuron, which retains the "residual" membrane potential above threshold at the firing instants. We demonstrate near loss-less ANN-SNN conversion using RMP neurons for VGG-16, ResNet-20, and ResNet-34 SNNs on challenging datasets including CIFAR-10 (93.63% top-1), CIFAR-100 (70.93% top-1), and ImageNet (73.09% top-1 accuracy). Our results also show that RMP-SNN surpasses the best inference accuracy provided by the converted SNN with "hard reset" spiking neurons using 2-8 times fewer inference time-steps across network architectures and datasets.