Nonexistence of radial optimal functions for the Sobolev inequality on Cartan-Hadamard manifolds

TL;DR

This paper proves that on Cartan-Hadamard manifolds, the only case where radial functions achieve the Sobolev inequality optimum is when the manifold is Euclidean, indicating no non-Euclidean radial optimal functions exist.

Contribution

It demonstrates that radial optimal functions for the Sobolev inequality only exist in Euclidean space, ruling out their existence on non-Euclidean Cartan-Hadamard manifolds.

Findings

Radial optimal functions imply the manifold is Euclidean.

The Euclidean Sobolev constant is optimal on Cartan-Hadamard manifolds.

No non-Euclidean radial optimizers exist for the Sobolev inequality.

Abstract

It is well known that the Euclidean Sobolev inequality holds on any Cartan-Hadamard manifold of dimension $ n\ge 3 $, i.e. any complete, simply connected Riemannian manifold with nonpositive sectional curvature. As a byproduct of the Cartan-Hadamard conjecture, a longstanding problem in the mathematical literature settled only very recently in a breakthrough paper by Ghomi and Spruck, we can now assert that the optimal constant is also Euclidean, namely it coincides with the one achieved in the Euclidean space $ \mathbb{R}^n $ by the Aubin-Talenti functions. One may ask whether there exist at all optimal functions on a generic Cartan-Hadamard manifold $ \mathbb{M}^n $. What we prove here, with ad hoc arguments that do not take advantage of the validity of the Cartan-Hadamard conjecture, is that this is false at least for functions that are radially symmetric with respect to the geodesic distance from a fixed pole. More precisely, we show that if the optimum in the Sobolev inequality is achieved by some radial function, then $\mathbb{M}^n $ must be isometric to $ \mathbb{R}^n $.