A Study on Anxiety about Using Robo-taxis: HMI Design for Anxiety Factor Analysis and Anxiety Relief Based on Field Tests

TL;DR

This study identifies key anxiety factors about robo-taxis, proposes HMI solutions to alleviate these concerns, and validates their effectiveness through real-world tests involving 28 participants in Seoul.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of passenger anxiety factors and develops targeted HMI functions to reduce these anxieties based on field test data.

Findings

19 major anxiety factors identified

7 HMI functions designed to address anxiety

HMI functions effectively reduced passenger anxiety

Abstract

Despite the approaching commercialization of robo-taxis, various anxiety factors concerning the safety of autonomous vehicles are expected to form a large barrier against consumers' use of robo-taxi services. The purpose of this study is to derive the various internal and external factors that contribute to the anxieties of robo-taxi passengers, and to propose a human-machine interface (HMI) concept to resolve such factors, by testing robo-taxi services on real, complex urban roads. In addition, a remote system for safely testing a robo-taxi in complex downtown areas was constructed, by adopting the Wizard of Oz (WOZ) methodology. From the results of our tests - conducted upon 28 subjects in the central area of Seoul - 19 major anxiety factors arising from autonomous driving were identified, and seven HMI functions to resolve such factors were designed. The functions were evaluated and their anxiety reduction effects verified. In addition, the various design insights required to increase the reliability of robo-taxis were provided through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the user experience surveys and interviews.