Towards a framework for understanding societal and ethical implications of Artificial Intelligence

TL;DR

This paper reviews societal and ethical challenges of AI, classifying them into seven categories, emphasizing the need for multi-stakeholder approaches to mitigate risks and ensure responsible AI deployment.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive classification of societal and ethical challenges of AI, highlighting the importance of tailored responses based on challenge origin.

Findings

Seven main categories of AI societal and ethical challenges identified.

Different challenges require technological, ethical, societal, or political solutions.

Addressing these challenges is crucial to prevent negative societal impacts.

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most discussed technologies today. There are many innovative applications such as the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, customer experience, new business, education, contagious diseases propagation and optimization of the management of humanitarian catastrophes. However, with all those opportunities also comes great responsibility to ensure good and fair practice of AI. The objective of this paper is to identify the main societal and ethical challenges implied by a massive uptake of AI. We have surveyed the literature for the most common challenges and classified them in seven groups: 1) Non-desired effects, 2) Liability, 3) Unknown consequences, 4) Relation people-robots, 5) Concentration of power and wealth, 6) Intentional bad uses, and 7) AI for weapons and warfare. The challenges should be dealt with in different ways depending on their origin; some have technological solutions, while others require ethical, societal, or political answers. Depending on the origin, different stakeholders might need to act. Whatever the identified stakeholder, not treating those issues will lead to uncertainty and unforeseen consequences with potentially large negative societal impact, hurting especially the most vulnerable groups of societies. Technology is helping to take better decisions, and AI is promoting data-driven decisions in addition to experience- and intuition-based discussion, with many improvements happening. However, the negative side effects of this technology need to be well understood and acted upon before we launch them massively into the world.