Variational-Correlations Approach to Quantum Many-body Problems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a variational method for quantum many-body problems that uses correlation functions and a correlation matrix to efficiently approximate ground states, providing lower bounds on energy and capturing long-range correlations.

Contribution

It presents a novel variational approach based on correlation matrices that efficiently approximates ground states and captures long-range correlations in quantum many-body systems.

Findings

Successfully produces long-range correlations in 1D spin systems

Ground-state energy converges to exact results

Provides lower bounds on energy, contrasting traditional methods

Abstract

We investigate an approach for studying the ground state of a quantum many-body Hamiltonian that is based on treating the correlation functions as variational parameters. In this approach, the challenge set by the exponentially-large Hilbert space is circumvented by approximating the positivity of the density matrix, order-by-order, in a way that keeps track of a limited set of correlation functions. In particular, the density-matrix description is replaced by a correlation matrix whose dimension is kept linear in system size, to all orders of the approximation. Unlike the conventional variational principle which provides an upper bound on the ground-state energy, in this approach one obtains a lower bound instead. By treating several one-dimensional spin $1/2$ Hamiltonians, we demonstrate the ability of this approach to produce long-range correlations, and a ground-state energy that converges to the exact result. Possible extensions, including to higher-excited states are discussed.