Phase space of static wormholes sustained by an isotropic perfect fluid

TL;DR

This paper develops a phase space framework to classify and analyze static spherically symmetric wormholes sustained by isotropic perfect fluids, revealing their properties, limitations, and specific models within General Relativity.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive phase space approach for static wormholes with isotropic fluids, including new solutions, stability analysis, and counterexamples to existing theorems.

Findings

Throats exhibit diverging gravitational redshift, ruling out zero-tidal-force wormholes.

A new exact solution for a vanishing density model tests the formalism.

Counterexample to a theorem: asymptotically flat wormholes with isotropic fluids are possible.

Abstract

A phase space is built that allows to study, classify and compare easily large classes of static spherically symmetric wormholes solutions, sustained by an isotropic perfect fluid in General Relativity. We determine the possible locations of equilibrium points, throats and curvature singularities in this phase space. Throats locations show that the spatial variation of the gravitational redshift at the throat of a static spherically symmetric wormhole sustained by an isotropic perfect fluid is always diverging, generalising the result that there is no such wormhole with zero-tidal force. Several specific static spherically symmetric wormholes models are studied. A vanishing density model leads to an exact solution of the field equation allowing to test our dynamical system formalism. It also shows how to extend it to the description of static black holes. Hence, the trajectory of the Schwarzschild black hole is determined. The static spherically symmetric wormhole solutions of several usual isotropic dark energy (generalised Chaplygin gas, constant, linear and Chevallier-Polarski-Linder equations of state) and dark matter (Navarro-Frenk-White profile) models are considered. They show various behaviours far from the throat: singularities, spatial flatness, cyclic behaviours, etc. None of them is asymptotically Minkowski flat. This discards the natural formation of static spherically symmetric and isotropic wormholes from these dark fluids. Last we consider a toy model of an asymptotically Minkowski flat wormhole that is a counterexample to a recent theorem claiming that a static wormhole sustained by an isotropic fluid cannot be asymptotically flat on both sides of its throat.