A search for anomalous Cherenkov rings

TL;DR

This paper reports a search for anomalous Cherenkov rings in DELPHI RICH data, finding indications of their existence with low background probability, suggesting potential new physics phenomena.

Contribution

It presents the first evidence of anomalous Cherenkov rings in collider data, with detailed background analysis and correlation studies supporting their potential authenticity.

Findings

Identification of a subsample with anomalous rings

Low probability of background explanation ($10^{-3}$ or less)

Correlation between anomalous ring radii in different radiators

Abstract

The results of a search with the DELPHI Barrel RICH for Cherenkov rings having radii greater than those produced by ultrarelativistic particles are presented. The search for such anomalous rings is based on the data collected by the DELPHI Collaboration at CERN during the LEP1 and LEP2 periods. The DELPHI RICH detector was conceived for the identification of the stable and quasi-stable hadrons ($\pi/K/p$). The present analysis was made investigating electron-like particles. A subsample of events containing anomalous rings has been identified for which the probability that the reconstructed rings in a given event are due to fortuitous combinations of background hits is low ($10^{-3}$ or less). A detailed study of background sources capable of producing apparently anomalous rings has been done; it indicates that the background hypothesis has a low probability. Additional arguments against this hypothesis are provided by by a comparison of rates of events with single and double anomalous rings in the gaseous radiator, and by the observation of a high degree of correlation between anomalous ring radii in the liquid and gaseous radiators. The results of the present analysis provide an interesting indication of the existence of anomalous Cherenkov rings. To corroborate this indication further searches for anomalous rings need to be made in future dedicated experiments. This work has been performed by the authors following the rules for external access to the DELPHI archived data, as established in http://delphiwww.cern.ch/delsec/finalrules/FINALrules011203.pdf The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this material are those of the authors alone and do not reflect in any way the views of the DELPHI Collabora