Critical properties of the two-dimensional $q$-state clock model

TL;DR

This study uses advanced tensor network simulations to accurately analyze the critical phase transitions of the two-dimensional q-state clock model, confirming BKT-type transitions and characterizing the critical properties.

Contribution

It provides the first precise determination of transition temperatures and critical parameters for the q-state clock model using tensor networks in the thermodynamic limit.

Findings

Both transitions are of BKT type for q ≥ 5.

Transition temperatures are accurately determined.

Critical parameters like the compactification radius are characterized.

Abstract

We perform the state-of-the-art tensor network simulations directly in the thermodynamic limit to clarify the critical properties of the $q$-state clock model on the square lattice. We determine accurately the two phase transition temperatures through the singularity of the classical analog of the entanglement entropy, and provide extensive numerical evidences to show that both transitions are of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) type for $q\ge 5$ and that the low-energy physics of this model is well described by the $\mathbb{Z}_q$-deformed sine-Gordon theory. We also determine the characteristic conformal parameters, especially the compactification radius, that govern the critical properties of the intermediate BKT phase.