Uniformly most reliable three-terminal graph of dense graphs

TL;DR

This paper investigates the most reliable three-terminal dense graphs, providing specific constructions for certain parameters and proving non-existence in some cases, advancing understanding of network reliability in dense graph classes.

Contribution

It characterizes the existence and structure of uniformly most reliable three-terminal graphs in dense graphs, including new constructions and non-existence results for various parameters.

Findings

Identifies locally most reliable three-terminal graphs for different edge probabilities.

Proves non-existence of uniformly most reliable three-terminal graphs for certain dense graph parameters.

Provides explicit examples of uniformly most reliable graphs for specific small cases.

Abstract

A graph $G$ with $k$ specified target vertices in vertex set is a $k$-terminal graph. The $k$-terminal reliability is the connection probability of the fixed $k$ target vertices in a $k$-terminal graph when every edge of this graph survives independently with probability $p$. For the class of two-terminal graphs with a large number of edges, Betrand, Goff, Graves and Sun constructed a locally most reliable two-terminal graph for $p$ close to $1$, and illustrated by a counterexample that this locally most reliable graph is not the uniformly most reliable two-terminal graph. At the same time, they also determined that there is a uniformly most reliable two-terminal graph in the class obtained by deleting an edge from the complete graph with two target vertices. This article focuses on the uniformly most reliable three-terminal graph of dense graphs with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. First, we give the locally most reliable three-terminal graphs of $n$ and $m$ in certain ranges for $p$ close to $0$ and $1$. Then, it is proved that there is no uniformly most reliable three-terminal graph with specific $n$ and $m$, where $n\geq7$ and $\binom{n}{2}-\lfloor\frac{n-3}{2}\rfloor\leq m\leq\binom{n}{2}-2$. Finally, some uniformly most reliable graphs are given for $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, where $4\leq n\leq 6$ and $m=\binom{n}{2}-2$ or $n\geq5$ and $m=\binom{n}{2}-1$.