Full-color complex-amplitude vectorial holograms based on multi-freedom metasurfaces

TL;DR

This paper presents a multi-freedom metasurface capable of independently controlling phase, polarization, and amplitude of light, enabling full-color vectorial holograms across multiple frequencies with a simplified design approach.

Contribution

It introduces a novel metasurface design combining geometric and detour phases for simultaneous multi-parameter control and frequency multiplexing, advancing light field manipulation.

Findings

Demonstrated full-color vectorial holograms in the visible spectrum.

Achieved independent modulation of phase, polarization, and amplitude.

Enabled frequency multiplexing without complex nanostructure optimization.

Abstract

Phase, polarization, amplitude and frequency represent the basic dimensions of light, playing crucial roles for both fundamental light-mater interactions and all major optical applications. Metasurface emerges as a compact platform to manipulate these knobs, but previous metasurfaces have limited flexibility to simultaneous control them. Here, we introduce a multi-freedom metasurface that can simultaneously and independently modulate phase, polarization and amplitude in an analytical form, and further realize frequency multiplexing by a k-space engineering technique. The multi-freedom metasurface seamlessly combine geometric Pancharatnam-Berry phase and detour phase, both of which are frequency-independent. As a result, it allows complex-amplitude vectorial hologram at various frequencies based on the same design strategy, without sophisticated nanostructure searching of massive size parameters. Based on this principle, we experimentally demonstrate full-color complex-amplitude vectorial meta-holograms in the visible with a metal-insulator metal architecture, unlocking the long-sought full potential of advanced light field manipulation through ultrathin metasurfaces.