Non-Terrestrial Networks in the 6G Era: Challenges and Opportunities

TL;DR

This paper reviews the role of non-terrestrial networks in 6G, discusses their challenges and enabling technologies, and evaluates a case study on aerial/space vehicle connectivity using mmWave frequencies.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of NTN characteristics and challenges in 6G, along with a performance evaluation case study of aerial/space vehicle networks using mmWave.

Findings

Performance varies with different networking configurations.

NTNs face significant challenges in latency and coverage.

Enabling technologies are crucial for future 6G deployment.

Abstract

Many organizations recognize non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) as a key component to provide cost-effective and high-capacity connectivity in future 6th generation (6G) wireless networks. Despite this premise, there are still many questions to be answered for proper network design, including those associated to latency and coverage constraints. In this paper, after reviewing research activities on NTNs, we present the characteristics and enabling technologies of NTNs in the 6G landscape and shed light on the challenges in the field that are still open for future research. As a case study, we evaluate the performance of an NTN scenario in which aerial/space vehicles use millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies to provide access connectivity to on-the-ground mobile terminals as a function of different networking configurations.