Finite temperature effects in quantum systems with competing scalar orders

TL;DR

This paper investigates how thermal fluctuations influence phase transitions in quantum systems with competing scalar orders, revealing weak first-order transitions and scaling behaviors near quantum critical points.

Contribution

It introduces finite temperature effects into the analysis of competing scalar orders using Matsubara summation, extending previous zero-temperature studies to more realistic thermal conditions.

Findings

Thermal fluctuations induce weak first-order phase transitions.

Above the critical temperature, the system exhibits quantum critical scaling.

The critical temperature decreases with distance from the zero-temperature bicritical point.

Abstract

The study of the competition or coexistence of different ground states in many-body systems is an exciting and actual topic of research, both experimentally and theoretically. Quantum fluctuations of a given phase can suppress or enhance another phase depending on the nature of the coupling between the order parameters, their dynamics and the dimensionality of the system. The zero temperature phase diagrams of systems with competing scalar order parameters with quartic and bilinear coupling terms have been previously studied for the cases of a zero temperature bicritical point and of coexisting orders. In this work, we apply the Matsubara summation technique from finite temperature quantum field theory to introduce the effects of thermal fluctuations on the effective potential of these systems. This is essential to make contact with experiments. We consider two and three-dimensional materials characterized by a Lorentz invariant quantum critical theory. We obtain that in both cases, thermal fluctuations lead to weak first-order temperature phase transitions, at which coexisting phases arising from quantum corrections become unstable. We show that above this critical temperature, the system presents scaling behavior consistent with that approaching a quantum critical point. Below the transition the specific heat has a thermally activated contribution with a gap related to the size of the domains of the ordered phases. We show that the critical temperature (Tc) in the coexistence region decreases as a function of the distance to the zero temperature classical bicritical point. This indicates that at the fine tuned value of this transition, the system attains the highest Tc in the region of coexistence.