Magnetic phase transitions in quantum spin-orbital liquids

TL;DR

This study explores the phase transitions in a quantum spin-orbital model relevant for 5d^4 transition metal insulators, revealing gapless and gapped phases driven by spin-orbit coupling using advanced numerical methods.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of spin and orbital correlations in a superexchange model with spin and orbital $L=1$, identifying novel phases and their properties.

Findings

Identified two gapless phases with power law correlations at different spin-orbit couplings.

Discovered a gapped phase with exponential decay of correlations at high spin-orbit coupling.

Connected the model's phases to the ULS model in an external field for theoretical insights.

Abstract

We investigate the spin and orbital correlations of a superexchange model with spin $S=1$ and orbital $L=1$ relevant for $5d^4$ transition metal Mott insulators, using exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG). For spin-orbit coupling $\lambda=0$, the orbitals are in an entangled state that is decoupled from the spins. We find two phases with increasing $\lambda$: (I) the S2 phase with two peaks in the structure factor for $\lambda\le\lambda_{c1}\approx 0.34 J$ where $J$ is the ferromagnetic exchange; and, (II) the $S1$ phase for $\lambda_{c1}<\lambda\le\lambda_{c2}\approx 1.2 J$ with emergent antiferromagnetic correlations. Both S1 and S2 phases are shown to exhibit power law correlations, indicative of a gapless spectrum. Upon increasing $\lambda > \lambda_{c2}$ leads to a product state of local spin-orbital singlets that exhibit exponential decay of correlations, indicative of a gapped phase. We obtain insights into the phases from the well-known Uimin-Lai-Sutherland (ULS) model in an external field that provides an approximate description of our model within mean field theory.