Channel Estimation via Gradient Pursuit for MmWave Massive MIMO Systems with One-Bit ADCs

TL;DR

This paper introduces gradient pursuit algorithms with band maximum selection for efficient and accurate channel estimation in mmWave massive MIMO systems using one-bit ADCs, addressing sparsity and coherence challenges.

Contribution

It proposes novel BMSGraSP and BMSGraHTP algorithms with FFT-based implementation for improved channel estimation in one-bit mmWave MIMO systems, extending compressive sensing techniques.

Findings

Algorithms achieve high accuracy in simulations.

FFT-based implementation reduces computational complexity.

Performance surpasses existing methods in sparse channel estimation.

Abstract

In millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are employed to reduce the impractically high power consumption, which is incurred by the wide bandwidth and large arrays. In practice, the mmWave band consists of a small number of paths, thereby rendering sparse virtual channels. Then, the resulting maximum a posteriori (MAP) channel estimation problem is a sparsity-constrained optimization problem, which is NP-hard to solve. In this paper, iterative approximate MAP channel estimators for mmWave massive MIMO systems with one-bit ADCs are proposed, which are based on the gradient support pursuit (GraSP) and gradient hard thresholding pursuit (GraHTP) algorithms. The GraSP and GraHTP algorithms iteratively pursue the gradient of the objective function to approximately optimize convex objective functions with sparsity constraints, which are the generalizations of the compressive sampling matching pursuit (CoSaMP) and hard thresholding pursuit (HTP) algorithms, respectively, in compressive sensing (CS). However, the performance of the GraSP and GraHTP algorithms is not guaranteed when the objective function is ill-conditioned, which may be incurred by the highly coherent sensing matrix. In this paper, the band maximum selecting (BMS) hard thresholding technique is proposed to modify the GraSP and GraHTP algorithms, namely the BMSGraSP and BMSGraHTP algorithms, respectively. The BMSGraSP and BMSGraHTP algorithms pursue the gradient of the objective function based on the band maximum criterion instead of the naive hard thresholding. In addition, a fast Fourier transform-based (FFT-based) fast implementation is developed to reduce the complexity. The BMSGraSP and BMSGraHTP algorithms are shown to be both accurate and efficient, whose performance is verified through extensive simulations.