Probing Cosmic Ray Transport with Radio Synchrotron Harps in the Galactic Center

TL;DR

This study uses radio harp filaments observed by MeerKAT to investigate cosmic ray transport mechanisms in the Galactic Center, providing evidence that cosmic ray streaming dominates over diffusion in certain magnetic flux tubes.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method of using radio harp filament observations to distinguish between cosmic ray streaming and diffusion in the Galactic Center.

Findings

Evidence supports cosmic ray streaming as the dominant propagation mode in one radio harp.

Hydrodynamical simulations match observed synchrotron profiles, validating the approach.

Higher resolution observations could further clarify cosmic ray transport modes.

Abstract

Recent observations with the MeerKAT radio telescope reveal a unique population of faint non-thermal filaments pervading the central molecular zone (CMZ). Some of those filaments are organized into groups of almost parallel filaments, seemingly sorted by their length, so that their morphology resembles a harp with radio emitting "strings". We argue that the synchrotron emitting GeV electrons of these radio harps have been consecutively injected by the same source (a massive star or pulsar) into spatially intermittent magnetic fiber bundles within a magnetic flux tube or via time-dependent injection events. After escaping from this source, the propagation of cosmic ray (CR) electrons inside a flux tube is governed by the theory of CR transport. We propose to use observations of radio harp filaments to gain insight into the specifics of CR propagation along magnetic fields of which there are two principle modes: CRs could either stream with self-excited magneto-hydrodynamical waves or diffuse along the magnetic field. To disentangle these possibilities, we conduct hydrodynamical simulations of either purely diffusing or streaming CR electrons and compare the resulting brightness distributions to the observed synchrotron profiles of the radio harps. We find compelling evidence that CR streaming is the dominant propagation mode for GeV CRs in one of the radio harps. Observations at higher angular resolution should detect more radio harps and may help to disentangle projection effects of the possibly three-dimensional flux-tube structure of the other radio harps.