Black hole evolution in quantum-gravitational framework

TL;DR

This paper presents a quantum-gravitational scattering framework for black hole evolution, explicitly incorporating system information and unitarity, and introduces a new entropy measure related to entanglement and Hawking radiation.

Contribution

It develops a novel quantum-gravitational scattering approach with instanton contributions, redefining black hole entropy and providing a shifted Page curve in this context.

Findings

Unitary evolution with explicit information retention.

Black hole degrees of freedom entangled with Hawking and pre-Hawking modes.

A new quantum entropy measure based on Wald's entropy charge.

Abstract

We found black hole evolution on a quantum-gravitational scattering framework with an aim to tackle the black hole information paradox. With this setup, various pieces of the system information are explicit from the start and unitary evolution is manifest throughout. The scattering amplitudes factorize into the perturbative part and nonperturbative part. The nonperturbative part is dominated by an instanton-type contribution, i.e., a black hole analogue of the Coleman-De Luccia's bounce solution, and we propose that the Hawking radiation be identified with the particles generated by the vacuum decay. Our results indicate that the black hole degrees of freedom are entangled not only with the Hawking modes but also with the pre-Hawking modes. The Wald's entropy charge measures their entanglement. The full quantum-gravitational entropy is defined as the vev of the Wald entropy charge. With this definition a {\em shifted} Page-like curve is generically generated and its quantum extension is readily defined.