Effects of close binary evolution on the main-sequence morphology of young star clusters

TL;DR

This study uses extensive binary star evolution models to show that binary interactions significantly influence the main-sequence morphology of young star clusters, explaining observed features like extended turnoff regions.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive grid of binary evolution models and demonstrates their impact on cluster HR diagrams, offering new insights into stellar evolution in clusters.

Findings

Identification of extended main-sequence turnoff regions.

Presence of near-critical rotating stars over a large luminosity range.

Quantitative agreement with recent observational data.

Abstract

Star clusters are the building blocks of galaxies. They are composed of stars of nearly equal age and chemical composition, allowing us to use them as chronometers and as testbeds for gauging stellar evolution. It has become clear recently that massive stars are formed preferentially in close binaries, in which mass transfer will drastically change the evolution of the stars. This is expected to leave a significant imprint in the distribution of cluster stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Our results, based on a dense model grid of more than 50,000 detailed binary-evolution calculations, indeed show several distinct, coeval main-sequence (MS) components, most notably an extended MS turnoff region, and a group of near-critical rotating stars that is spread over a large luminosity range on the red side of the classical MS. We comprehensively demonstrate the time evolution of the features in an animation, and we derive analytic expressions to describe these features. We find quantitative agreement with results based on recent photometric and spectroscopic observations. We conclude that while other factors may also be at play, binary evolution has a major impact on the MS morphology of young star clusters.