Exploring the radial disc ionization profile of the black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105

TL;DR

This study analyzes X-ray reflection features in GRS 1915+105, demonstrating that incorporating a self-consistent radial ionization profile improves spectral fits and affects inferred black hole parameters.

Contribution

It introduces a method to include a self-consistent radial ionization profile in reflection modeling, challenging the common assumption of constant ionization.

Findings

Self-consistent ionization profiles improve spectral fits.

Inner disc likely radiation pressure dominated.

Black hole spin estimates may change with ionization profile inclusion.

Abstract

Accreting black holes show characteristic 'reflection' features in their X-ray spectra, including the iron K$\alpha$ fluorescence line, which result from X-rays radiated by a compact central corona being reprocessed in the accretion disc atmosphere. The observed line profile is distorted by relativistic effects, providing a diagnostic for disc geometry. Nearly all previous X-ray reflection spectroscopy studies have made the simplifying assumption that the disc ionization state is independent of radius in order to calculate the restframe reflection spectrum. However, this is unlikely to be the case in reality, since the irradiating flux should drop off steeply with radius. Here we analyse a Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray observation of GRS 1915+105 that exhibits strong reflection features. We find that using a self-consistently calculated radial ionization profile returns a better fit than assuming constant ionization. Our results are consistent with the inner disc being radiation pressure dominated, as is expected from the high inferred accretion rate for this observation. We also find that the assumed ionization profile impacts on the best fitting disc inner radius. This implies that the black hole spin values previously inferred for active galactic nuclei and X-ray binaries by equating the disc inner radius with the innermost stable circular orbit may be changed significantly by the inclusion of a self-consistent ionization profile.