Are all Gaussian states also cluster states? Essential diagnostic tools for continuous-variable one-way quantum computing

TL;DR

This paper introduces an algorithm to detect and utilize hidden entanglement in Gaussian states, enhancing the effectiveness of continuous-variable cluster states for quantum computing.

Contribution

It presents a novel algorithm that reveals hidden entanglement in Gaussian states, improving the design and characterization of CV cluster states for quantum computing.

Findings

Hidden entanglement can be present in Gaussian states despite standard detection methods.

The algorithm can optimize the use of Gaussian states for one-way quantum computing.

Enhanced entanglement detection may improve quantum computational power.

Abstract

Continuous-variable (CV) cluster states are a universal quantum computing platform that has experimentally out-scaled qubit platforms by orders of magnitude. Room-temperature implementation of CV cluster states has been achieved with quantum optics by using multimode squeezed Gaussian states. It has also been proven that fault tolerance thresholds for CV quantum computing can be reached at realistic squeezing levels. In this paper, we show that standard approaches to design and characterize CV cluster states can miss entanglement present in the system. Such hidden entanglement may be used to increase the power of a quantum computer but it can also, if undetected, hinder the successful implementation of a quantum algorithm. By a detailed analysis of the structure of Gaussian states, we derive an algorithm that reveals hidden entanglement in an arbitrary Gaussian state and optimizes its use for one-way quantum computing.