Black hole or Fuzz ball or a Loop quantum star ? Assessing the fate of a massive collapsing star

TL;DR

This paper explores the end states of massive collapsing stars using Loop Quantum Cosmology, suggesting they likely evolve into Loop quantum stars with a Planckian core and a low-density exterior, challenging classical black hole outcomes.

Contribution

It introduces a novel model of static spherically symmetric stars based on LQC, analyzing their potential as black holes, fuzz balls, or Loop quantum stars.

Findings

Massive stars tend to become Loop quantum stars.

Core regions reach Planckian densities and pressures.

Outer regions extend to the Schwarzschild radius.

Abstract

Using the effective equations in our Loop Quantum Cosmology (LQC) -- inspired models, we resolve the $(n + 2)$ dimensional black hole singularity. This resolution in the four dimensional case is same as that given recently by Ashtekar, Olmedo, and Singh. We then study the fate of a massive collapsing star in $(n + 2)$ dimensions, focussing on a singularity resolved black hole, a string theoretic fuzz ball, and a Loop quantum star -- which is a solution to the the effective modified equations for static spherically symmetric stars we obtained recently using LQC ideas. We find qualitatively that a massive collapsing star is likely to become a Loop quantum star : it is likely to have a macroscopic core region with Planckian densities and pressures which is surrounded by a low density corona region extending to the Schwarzschild radius.