XXL Survey groups and clusters in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey. Scaling relations between X-ray properties and weak lensing mass

TL;DR

This study uses multi-wavelength data to analyze scaling relations between X-ray properties and weak lensing mass in galaxy clusters, revealing insights into cluster physics and the impact of feedback processes.

Contribution

It presents the first comprehensive analysis of X-ray and weak lensing scaling relations for a complete cluster sample, highlighting the effects of feedback, dynamical state, and triaxiality.

Findings

Gas mass and luminosity scale steeper than self-similar predictions.

Temperature scaling is nearly self-similar.

Intrinsic X-ray property scatters are positively correlated.

Abstract

Scaling relations trace the formation and evolution of galaxy clusters. We exploited multi-wavelength surveys -- the XXL survey at \emph{XMM-Newton} in the X-ray band, and the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program for optical weak lensing -- to study an X-ray selected, complete sample of clusters and groups. The scalings of gas mass, temperature, and soft-band X-ray luminosity with the weak lensing mass show imprints of radiative cooling and AGN feedback in groups. From the multi-variate analysis, we found some evidence for steeper than self-similar slopes for gas mass ($\beta_{m_\text{g}|m}=1.73 \pm0.80$) and luminosity ($\beta_{l|m}=1.91\pm0.94$) and a nearly self-similar slope for the temperature ($\beta_{t|m}=0.78\pm0.43$). Intrinsic scatters of X-ray properties appear to be positively correlated at a fixed mass (median correlation factor $\rho_{X_1X_2|m}\sim0.34$) due to dynamical state and merger history of the halos. Positive correlations with the weak lensing mass (median correlation factor $\rho_{m_\text{wl}X|m}\sim0.35$) can be connected to triaxiality and orientation. Comparison of weak lensing and hydrostatic masses suggests a small role played by non-thermal pressure support ($9\pm17\%$).