Controlling the Functional Properties of Oligothiophene Crystalline Nano/Micro-Fibers via Tailoring of the Self-Assembling Molecular Precursors

TL;DR

This study demonstrates a method to control the properties of oligothiophene fibers by modifying molecular precursors, enabling tailored electronic and optical functionalities for applications in organic electronics.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach using sulfur-rich quaterthiophene building blocks to direct self-assembly into hierarchical fibers with tunable properties.

Findings

Fibers exhibit varying optical, redox, and conductive properties based on molecular substitution.

Structural similarity of fibers despite different substituents.

A model linking molecular structure to fiber properties is proposed.

Abstract

Oligothiophenes are pi-conjugated semiconducting and fluorescent molecules whose self-assembly properties are widely investigated for application in organic electronics, optoelectronics, biophotonics and sensing. We report here an approach to the preparation of crystalline oli-gothiophene nano/micro-fibers based on the use of a sulfur overrich quaterthiophene building block, -T4S4-, containing in its covalent network all the information needed to promote the di-rectional, pi-pi stacking driven, self-assembly of Ar-T4S4-Ar oligomers into fibers with hierar-chical supramolecular arrangement from nano- to microscale. We show that when Ar varies from unsubstituted thiophene to thiophene substituted with electron withdrawing groups, a wide redistribution of the molecular electronic charge takes place without substantially affecting the aggregation modalities of the oligomer. In this way a structurally comparable series of fibers is obtained having progressively varying optical properties, redox potentials, photoconductivity and type of prevailing charge carriers (from p- to n-type). A thorough characterization of the fi-bers based on SEM, CD, CV, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis and PL spectroscopies, photoconductivi-ty and KPFM measurements is reported. With the aid of DFT calculations, combined with X-ray data, a model accounting for the growth of the fibers from molecular to nano- and microscale is proposed. We believe that the simple strategy outlined in this study allows to establish a straightforward correlation between the molecular structure of the components and the function-al properties of the corresponding self-assembled nano/micro-fibers.