Computing syzygies in finite dimension using fast linear algebra

TL;DR

This paper presents a fast linear algebra-based algorithm for computing syzygies of multivariate polynomials in finite-dimensional modules, improving efficiency over existing methods and extending the FGLM algorithm for monomial order changes.

Contribution

It introduces a new algorithm leveraging matrix multiplication complexity to compute syzygies and Gr"obner bases efficiently in finite-dimensional polynomial modules.

Findings

Algorithm computes reduced Gr"obner basis with optimal complexity bounds.

Method applies to modules given by quotient of polynomial rings, with efficient matrix computations.

Extends FGLM algorithm with sub-cubic complexity for monomial order changes.

Abstract

We consider the computation of syzygies of multivariate polynomials in a finite-dimensional setting: for a $\mathbb{K}[X_1,\dots,X_r]$-module $\mathcal{M}$ of finite dimension $D$ as a $\mathbb{K}$-vector space, and given elements $f_1,\dots,f_m$ in $\mathcal{M}$, the problem is to compute syzygies between the $f_i$'s, that is, polynomials $(p_1,\dots,p_m)$ in $\mathbb{K}[X_1,\dots,X_r]^m$ such that $p_1 f_1 + \dots + p_m f_m = 0$ in $\mathcal{M}$. Assuming that the multiplication matrices of the $r$ variables with respect to some basis of $\mathcal{M}$ are known, we give an algorithm which computes the reduced Gr\"obner basis of the module of these syzygies, for any monomial order, using $O(m D^{\omega-1} + r D^\omega \log(D))$ operations in the base field $\mathbb{K}$, where $\omega$ is the exponent of matrix multiplication. Furthermore, assuming that $\mathcal{M}$ is itself given as $\mathcal{M} = \mathbb{K}[X_1,\dots,X_r]^n/\mathcal{N}$, under some assumptions on $\mathcal{N}$ we show that these multiplication matrices can be computed from a Gr\"obner basis of $\mathcal{N}$ within the same complexity bound. In particular, taking $n=1$, $m=1$ and $f_1=1$ in $\mathcal{M}$, this yields a change of monomial order algorithm along the lines of the FGLM algorithm with a complexity bound which is sub-cubic in $D$.