The Dawn of Dust Astronomy

TL;DR

This paper reviews the evolution of dust science and introduces Dust Astronomy, highlighting how dust particles serve as carriers of information about their distant origins, with recent missions advancing this field.

Contribution

It presents the development of Dust Astronomy as a new approach to study cosmic environments through dust particles and summarizes recent observational and mission-based advancements.

Findings

Dust particles carry information about their remote origins.

In situ detectors have evolved to analyze dust composition and trajectories.

Space missions like Cassini, Stardust, and Rosetta have provided key data.

Abstract

We review the development of dust science from the first ground-based astronomical observations of dust in space to compositional analysis of individual dust particles and their source objects. A multitude of observational techniques is available for the scientific study of space dust: from meteors and interplanetary dust particles collected in the upper atmosphere to dust analyzed in situ or returned to Earth. In situ dust detectors have been developed from simple dust impact detectors determining the dust hazard in Earth orbit to dust telescopes capable of providing compositional analysis and accurate trajectory determination of individual dust particles in space. The concept of Dust Astronomy has been developed, recognizing that dust particles, like photons, carry information from remote sites in space and time. From knowledge of the dust particles' birthplace and their bulk properties, we learn about the remote environment out of which the particles were formed. Dust Observatory missions like Cassini, Stardust, and Rosetta study Saturn's satellites and rings and the dust environments of comet Wild 2 and comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko, respectively. Supplemented by simulations of dusty processes in the laboratory we are beginning to understand the dusty environments in space.