Speed-ups to isothermality: Enhanced quantum thermal machines through control of the system-bath coupling

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that by controlling the system-bath interaction, isothermal processes can be significantly sped up, leading to improved quantum thermal machine efficiencies and performance, with practical implementation prospects.

Contribution

It introduces protocols for accelerating isothermal transformations via system-bath coupling control, achieving dissipation decay rates and efficiency improvements beyond standard methods.

Findings

Dissipation scales as τ_{tot}^{-2α-1} with coupling control

Efficiency at maximum power interpolates between Curzon-Ahlborn and Carnot

Numerical models confirm analytical predictions with strong correlations

Abstract

Isothermal transformations are minimally dissipative but slow processes, as the system needs to remain close to thermal equilibrium along the protocol. Here, we show that smoothly modifying the system-bath interaction can significantly speed up such transformations. In particular, we construct protocols where the overall dissipation $W_{\rm diss}$ decays with the total time $\tau_{\rm tot}$ of the protocol as $W_{\rm diss} \propto \tau_{\rm tot}^{-2\alpha-1}$, where each value $\alpha > 0$ can be obtained by a suitable modification of the interaction, whereas $\alpha=0$ corresponds to a standard isothermal process where the system-bath interaction remains constant. Considering heat engines based on such speed-ups, we show that the corresponding efficiency at maximum power interpolates between the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency for $\alpha =0$ and the Carnot efficiency for $\alpha \to \infty$. Analogous enhancements are obtained for the coefficient of performance of refrigerators. We confirm our analytical results with two numerical examples where $\alpha = 1/2$, namely the time-dependent Caldeira-Leggett and resonant-level models, with strong system-environment correlations taken fully into account. We highlight the possibility of implementing our proposed speed-ups with ultracold atomic impurities and mesoscopic electronic devices.