Tunnelling of Charged Particles from Black Holes

TL;DR

This paper derives a comprehensive formula for the emission rate of charged particles from non-rotating black holes, considering both Hawking radiation and Schwinger pair production, with a tunnelling interpretation.

Contribution

It introduces a unified approach to calculate charged particle emission rates from black holes, incorporating tunnelling effects and providing explicit formulas in certain regimes.

Findings

Derived emission rate formulas for charged particles from black holes.

Unified treatment of Hawking radiation and Schwinger pair production.

Tunnelling suppresses emission spectrum modifications.

Abstract

We state and explain the total rate at which a charged non-rotating black hole emits charged particles, taking into account both Hawking radiation and Schwinger pair production simultaneously. We give concrete formulae for this emission rate in certain limits, with the greatest simplification occurring when the black hole is much larger than the particle's Compton wavelength. We provide an interpretation of the result in terms of a tunnelling process, both through the black hole horizon and the surrounding electric field, and comment on how suppression due to tunnelling modifies the emission spectrum.